Economic Problems Faced by Pakistan - 3294 Words

History Of Pakistan Economic Problems Faced by Today’s Pakistan Table of Contents Introduction 4 Poverty 4 Illiteracy 5 Corruption Political Instability 5 Over Population, Unemployment Inflation 6 International Interference 8 Terrorism/Extremism 8 Recent Floods 9 Long-Term Effects of Pakistan Floods 9 Reference 11 Introduction Pakistan was established in 1947 and since its inception; it has been surrounded by countless issues, some of which are confined to ill-formed/missing infrastructure, insufficient refined resources, barren or obsolete factories and technologies, the Kashmir controversy and other fronts also involving an ever-ready enemy to underscore its efforts towards progress. Despite being rich in natural resources,†¦show more content†¦It is interesting to note that due to international interference and manipulation, the very same people that we have previously labeled as corrupt, blamed and rebuked for their acts, have come back to govern us after a couple of years and the very same people have welcome them with open arms, representing the inconsistency and apprehension instilled in our social, economic and political framework. A common English saying goes as â€Å"fool me once, shame on you, fool me twice, shame on me†. This has also been one of the key reasons as to why the political process in Pakistan has not prospered so far into any rational coalition. Soon after its inception the sincere and loyal politicians were removed from the main stream and dupes and rubber stamps were put into place, where the final authority has relied upon decisions made outside the country. Over Population, Unemployment Inflation On the one hand we have had years of low GDP growth and on the other a high population growth combined to place Pakistan in a situation where the stability of its economic pie has not been increasing fast enough to facilitate and extricate the country from the poverty trap it was inflicted upon in it’s making. To compound the problem, recent years have seen food prices and utility tariffs shooting up by a wide margin, making it increasingly difficult for people to makeShow MoreRelatedCisco Systems, Inc.: Collaboration on New Product Introduction848 Words   |  4 PagesLiterature review : KOLLAT, ENGEL, BLACKWEL, (1970) investigated the Current Problems in Consumer Behavior. In this study they compared the history of most disciplines; the studied of consumer behavior in its infancy, dating back less than 50 years. Moreover, a significant percentage of their research had occurred during the last decade. Brosekhan Velayutham examined the Consumer Buying Behaviour. They found that consumer has become essentail. ConsumersRead MoreApril 1971 Colonel M.A.G Osmani was selected as Commander of Bengali armed forces. Organized1100 Words   |  5 Pagesrefugees fleeing to India. This led to military intervention by India on the side of the Mukti Bahini (Bengali ‘freedom fighters’) at the beginning of December. Hence, weeks after that, Pakistan forces surrendered and the separate state of Bangladesh created. Sheikh Mujib Rahman returned from captivity in Pakistan in 1972 and he also became prime minister. However, instability were also occurred in the new state. Much of the instability were caused by natural disaster such as floods and famine. MartialRead MoreDemocracy in Pakistan1572 Words   |  7 PagesDEMOCRACY IN PAKISTAN OUTLINES 1. Introduction 2. What is democracy? 3. Nature of democracy. 4. Beginning of democracy 5. Democracy since creation 6. Causes of failure of democracy 7. Impacts of democracy 8. Measures for the survival of democracy 9. Conclusion â€Å"The essence of democracy is its assurance that people should so respect himself and should be so respected in his own personality that he should have opportunity equal to that of every other human being to show what he was meant to becomeRead MoreInitial problems of Pakistan1257 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Initial Problems of Pakistan Pakistan came into existence on 14th august 1947. Soon after its establishment Pakistan faced number of problems. Most of the problems of Pakistan were related with Pakistan dispute with India, such as the accession of the princely states, canal Water  dispute, refugees problems and distribution of armed and military assets. Infect most of  these problems were deliberately created by India itself so that Pakistan would not maintain its independent status and soon mergedRead MoreList of Important Topics for Essays1583 Words   |  7 Pagesformatted. 01. Dilemma of the water and energy crisis in Pakistan (2003) 02. Art critics and reviewers (2003) 03. Alleviation of poverty (2005) 04. Persecuted poor women (2005) 05. Foreign direct investment (F.D.I) in Pakistan (2006) 06. Global warming (2006) 07. Personalization of Pakistani politics (2006) 08. Formal and casual dressing codes (2003) 09. Liberalism (2006) 10. Existentialism (2003) 11. Socio-economic challenges faced by Pakistan (2005) 12. Islam versus the west (2005) 13. InternationalRead MoreGood Governance in Pakistan1667 Words   |  7 PagesGood Governance in Pakistan. OUTLINES: 1. Introduction 2. Definition of Governance 3. Governance in Pakistan. 4. Failures of Governance in Pakistan 5. Causes of failures: 1. Political commotion 2. No democratic setup 3. Military intrusion 4. Feudal indulgence 5. Massive Corruption 6. Constitutional crises 7. Institutional clashes 8. Mismanagement of resources 9. Lack of Accountability 10. Over Exploitation of funds 11. Restrictions on media 12. Ethnic conflicts 13. Secterianism 14. Extremism 6 EssentialsRead MoreChild Labor During A Nike Factory1666 Words   |  7 PagesCHILD LABOR IN A NIKE FACTORY IN PAKISTAN Abstract This paper especially focuses on the problem of Child Labor in Pakistan with respect to the case of the world-renowned sports brand Nike and its use of children in its factories in Pakistan. A set of laws that can be established to eradicate this evil from Pakistan have been elaborated upon in the paper, these proposals include the Trafficking Victim Protection Reauthorization Act (TVPRA), the International Human Right Treaty by the General AssemblyRead MoreThe Release Of India From The British Grip Of Power Seemed1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe release of India from the British grip of power seemed to be a historic victory, but it soon posed problems for the inhabitants the subcontinent. Ever since the formation of Pakistan and India, the East Pakistani population saw a cultural divide between themselves and their Western counterpart. Although there were numerous other factors that had contributed to this difference, language was the one critical catalyst for Bengali self-determinati on. The formation of Bangladeshi nationalism beganRead MoreEconomy of Pakistan1686 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Pakistan was established in 1947 and since its inception; it has been surrounded by countless issues, some of which are confined to ill-formed/missing infrastructure, insufficient refined resources, barren or obsolete factories and technologies, the Kashmir controversy and other fronts also involving an ever-ready enemy to underscore its efforts towards progress. Despite being rich in natural resources, Pakistan has so far been a developing country with limited development in everyRead MoreFuture Of Terrorism And Its Future Prospects Within Pakistan1598 Words   |  7 PagesFUTURE OF TERRORISM IN PAKISTAN 1. The threat of terrorism which existed prior to 9/11 got accentuated and transformed into a potent, dynamic and multi-dimensional phenomenon. As of today, few countries in the world are threatened by such diverse forms and manifestations of terrorism as we are; both in the present and futuristic context. There are external influences and there are internal dissentions. While the vested interests of the regional and global players denote one facet, the socio-political

Cultural Differences Between Chinese Culture And Western...

We live in a world that changes every day. The sapling grows into a towering tree. The thick trunk is cut off. The children are all grown up or are starting puberty. Parents are getting old. Children are raised or nurtured by parents. And we have the responsibility to support our family. Guns aren’t legal. The marijuana becoming legal. Most of these changes are reasonable or natural changes. The rest of the changes might be totally adverse, which reminds me to rethink about which took place before. Sometimes these changes occur from a word or a scene. Before I went abroad to study in the US, I hardly knew about American culture. All of me though of culture inheres in Chinese culture. I never thought there’s such a large cultural difference between Chinese culture and Western culture. It did not occur to me to consider why it happens and what I could learn from it. It’s my first year here in America and I choose to live in home stay instead of living on campus. Both of my home stay family are so young as 30 years old. While I was living with that home stay, I have understanding about cultural differences between China to America deeply. One day my home grandmother came home. She said she wanted to live with my home stay mother because of some physical issues. Her face showed that she was so eager to get a positive answer. But my home stay mother said no to her. The expression on her face was so decisive and resolute that I kind of hated her on it. I was so confusedShow MoreRelatedDifferences Cultural in Chinese Food a nd Western Food1648 Words   |  7 PagesÃ¥ ¯ ¸ The Cultural Differences between Chinese and Western Food Cheng Hoi Man Upper Iowa University Term 4 2012 – 2013 COMM 221(DT) – Intercultural Communication Ms. Jamie Ku 9th June 2013 The Cultural Differences between Chinese and Western Food Abstract Food is one of the most enjoyable aspects of cultures to share. Every place has its own culinary delights to discover. Food culture can reflect the indication of human social development and improvement. In this paper, food ideas andRead MoreComparing Chinese Food Culture And Western Diet Culture1617 Words   |  7 PagesComparison and comparison of Chinese food culture and Western diet culture. Student name: jeff wu(chuofu wu) Student ID: 13400334 Academic skill Preface This article will discuss the differences between Chinese and Western diet culture, diet culture has a very important role in the world culture. Because of the cultural differences between China and the west, they have different food and cultural differences, each country has its unique food culture, whether it is the concept orRead MoreDifference Between Eastern and Western Architecture1510 Words   |  7 Pagesare a cultural form of speace . Architectural expression of a certain outlook on life ,cosmology , aesthetics and thus a comprehensive reflection of both the characteristics of the times is the concentrated expression of national culture . The difference between Chinese and western architectural forms , the performance of cultural differences . It reflects the difference between physicial and natural environment, social structure and morphology of the differences and the difference between the aestheticRead MoreRetail Marketing Is All About Cultural Differences and Communica tion1559 Words   |  7 PagesADMN3170 0440210 Retail Marketing Is All About Cultural Differences and Communication In the 21 century, the process of globalization is getting faster. More and more people tend to be involved in the world community. People should be able to understand people will not have too much difficulties to communicate with each other in a very same cultural background. Using the same communicate skills to communicate a person with a very different cultural background might lead that person into some seriousRead MoreCulture Difference in Business Negotiation1456 Words   |  6 PagesÃ¥  ·Ã¯ ¼Å¡08203241 è â€Ã§ ³ »Ã¦â€" ¹Ã¥ ¼ Ã¯ ¼Å¡*********** è ® ºÃ¦â€"‡æ  â€¡Ã© ¢ËœÃ¯ ¼Å¡Ã¦â€"‡åÅ'â€"Ã¥ · ®Ã¥ ¼â€šÃ¥ ¯ ¹Ã¥â€¢â€ Ã¥Å  ¡Ã¨ °Ë†Ã¥Ë† ¤Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥ ½ ±Ã¥â€œ  2010Ã¥ ¹ ´6æÅ"ˆ Titleï ¼Å¡the influence of cultural difference on business negotiation 〠Abstract】International business negotiation is playing a more and more important role in modem society. We can see clearly that there are great differences in international business negotiation. Specially, culture can influence negotiating styles in different ways, because negotiators who may come from another nation is different fromRead MoreComparison Of American And Chinese Legal Culture1609 Words   |  7 PagesComparison of American and Chinese legal culture Abstract: The legal culture is a national, regional or national basis in certain social and material conditions, the state power by the creation of a common legal system constraints and determine the status of the legal system of values and attitudes in the whole society and culture. Thus, each country has its own unique legal culture. By selecting the most typical American and Chinese legal cultures of two different aspects: the legal standard, comparativeRead MoreThe Conflict Between China And The United States1386 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough cultural divisions in the context of the increasing global conflict between China and The United States. In essence, the â€Å"clash of civilizations† between China and the United States will be primarily based on the problem of cultural hegemony in the 21st century struggle for global dominance between these two modern nation states. Huntington’s theory provides ample evidence of the growing clash of religious cultural values, which are often based on the atheistic principles of Chinese governingRead MoreChinese Culture and Communication: Chinese Culture and Communication1594 Words   |  7 Pagescontinuous movement all over the world of people from varying countries and cultures has lead to an increase of cross-cultural communication. Australia is quickly developing into a multicultural nation attracting tourists from a vast range of countries. As a result, it is has become more important for people in Australia to be culturally sensitive and aware in order to successfully interact with these visitors of different cultures. These interactions are especially important in international airportsRead MoreDifferences Between American And Chinese Cultures932 Words   |  4 Pagesexploring the differences in overall cultural value structures among different cultures has gradually grew business’s attention across the world. No matter small companies or global conglomerates, how to get involve and maintain thei r competitive advantages and long-term sustainable success in global business trade has been a heated topic to discuss. To fully understand the ethic differences and cultural influences, the following four aspects will help us to uncover the similarities and differences betweenRead MoreDevelopment of Emotion Based on Culture for Infants and Toddlers1539 Words   |  7 Pagesin many situations. Although the expression of emotion is universal, much research shows that emotional development can vary quite a bit by culture. According to Camras et al. (1998), emotion expression is different in European American, Japanese, and Chinese infants. In the research, they selected infants that were 11-month-old from three different cultural groups, and each group was divided equally by gender. Each baby was going to wear lightweight clothing and participate in three procedures (arm

Deception Point Page 96 Free Essays

But he heard the explosion. 117 The West Wing was usually quiet at this hour, but the President’s unexpected emergence in his bathrobe and slippers had rustled the aides and on-site staff out of their â€Å"day-timer beds† and on-site sleeping quarters. â€Å"I can’t find her, Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Deception Point Page 96 or any similar topic only for you Order Now President,† a young aide said, hurrying after him into the Oval Office. He had looked everywhere. â€Å"Ms. Tench is not answering her pager or cellphone.† The President looked exasperated. â€Å"Have you looked in the-â€Å" â€Å"She left the building, sir,† another aide announced, hurrying in. â€Å"She signed out about an hour ago. We think she may have gone to the NRO. One of the operators says she and Pickering were talking tonight.† â€Å"William Pickering?† The President sounded baffled. Tench and Pickering were anything but social. â€Å"Have you called him?† â€Å"He’s not answering either, sir. NRO switchboard can’t reach him. They say Pickering’s cellphone isn’t even ringing. It’s like he’s dropped off the face of the earth.† Herney stared at his aides for a moment and then walked to the bar and poured himself a bourbon. As he raised the glass to his lips, a Secret Serviceman hurried in. â€Å"Mr. President? I wasn’t going to wake you, but you should be aware that there was a car bombing at the FDR Memorial tonight.† â€Å"What!† Herney almost dropped his drink. â€Å"When?† â€Å"An hour ago.† His face was grim. â€Å"And the FBI just identified the victim†¦ â€Å" 118 Delta-Three’s foot screamed in pain. He felt himself floating through a muddled consciousness. Is this death? He tried to move but felt paralyzed, barely able to breathe. He saw only blurred shapes. His mind reeled back, recalling the explosion of the Crestliner out at sea, seeing the rage in Michael Tolland’s eyes as the oceanographer stood over him, holding the explosive pole to his throat. Certainly Tolland killed me†¦ And yet the searing pain in Delta-Three’s right foot told him he was very much alive. Slowly it came back. On hearing the explosion of the Crestliner, Tolland had let out a cry of anguished rage for his lost friend. Then, turning his ravaged eyes to Delta-Three, Tolland had arched as if preparing to ram the rod through Delta-Three’s throat. But as he did, he seemed to hesitate, as if his own morality were holding him back. With brutal frustration and fury, Tolland yanked the rod away and drove his boot down on Delta-Three’s tattered foot. The last thing Delta-Three remembered was vomiting in agony as his whole world drifted into a black delirium. Now he was coming to, with no idea how long he had been unconscious. He could feel his arms tied behind his back in a knot so tight it could only have been tied by a sailor. His legs were also bound, bent behind him and tied to his wrists, leaving him in an immobilized backward arch. He tried to call out, but no sound came. His mouth was stuffed with something. Delta-Three could not imagine what was going on. It was then he felt the cool breeze and saw the bright lights. He realized he was up on the Goya’s main deck. He twisted to look for help and was met by a frightful sight, his own reflection-bulbous and misshapen in the reflective Plexiglas bubble of the Goya’s deepwater submersible. The sub hung right in front of him, and Delta-Three realized he was lying on a giant trapdoor in the deck. This was not nearly as unsettling as the most obvious question. If I’m on deck†¦ then where is Delta-Two? Delta-Two had grown uneasy. Despite his partner’s CrypTalk transmission claiming he was fine, the single gunshot had not been that of a machine gun. Obviously, Tolland or Rachel Sexton had fired a weapon. Delta-Two moved over to peer down the ramp where his partner had descended, and he saw blood. Weapon raised, he had descended belowdecks, where he followed the trail of blood along a catwalk to the bow of the ship. Here, the trail of blood had led him back up another ramp to the main deck. It was deserted. With growing wariness, Delta-Two had followed the long crimson smear along the sideboard deck back toward the rear of the ship, where it passed the opening to the original ramp he had descended. What the hell is going on? The smear seemed to travel in a giant circle. Moving cautiously, his gun trained ahead of him, Delta-Two passed the entrance to the laboratory section of the ship. The smear continued toward the stern deck. Carefully he swung wide, rounding the corner. His eye traced the trail. Then he saw it. Jesus Christ! Delta-Three was lying there-bound and gagged-dumped unceremoniously directly in front of the Goya’s small submersible. Even from a distance, Delta-Two could see that his partner was missing a good portion of his right foot. Wary of a trap, Delta-Two raised his gun and moved forward. Delta-Three was writhing now, trying to speak. Ironically, the way the man had been bound-with his knees sharply bent behind him-was probably saving his life; the bleeding in his foot appeared to have slowed. As Delta-Two approached the submersible, he appreciated the rare luxury of being able to watch his own back; the entire deck of the ship was reflected in the sub’s rounded cockpit dome. Delta-Two arrived at his struggling partner. He saw the warning in his eyes too late. The flash of silver came out of nowhere. One of the Triton’s manipulator claws suddenly leaped forward and clamped down on Delta-Two’s left thigh with crushing force. He tried to pull away, but the claw bore down. He screamed in pain, feeling a bone break. His eyes shot to the sub’s cockpit. Peering through the reflection of the deck, Delta-Two could now see him, ensconced in the shadows of the Triton’s interior. Michael Tolland was inside the sub, at the controls. Bad idea, Delta-Two seethed, blocking out his pain and shouldering his machine gun. He aimed up and to the left at Tolland’s chest, only three feet away on the other side of the sub’s Plexiglas dome. He pulled the trigger, and the gun roared. Wild with rage at having been tricked, Delta-Two held the trigger back until the last of his shells clattered to the deck and his gun clicked empty. Breathless, he dropped the weapon and glared at the shredded dome in front of him. â€Å"Dead!† the soldier hissed, straining to pull his leg from the clamp. As he twisted, the metal clamp severed his skin, opening a large gash. â€Å"Fuck!† He reached now for the CrypTalk on his belt. But as he raised it to his lips, a second robotic arm snapped open in front of him and lunged forward, clamping around his right arm. The CrypTalk fell to the deck. It was then that Delta-Two saw the ghost in the window before him. A pale visage leaning sideways and peering out through an unscathed edge of glass. Stunned, Delta-Two looked at the center of the dome and realized the bullets had not even come close to penetrating the thick shell. The dome was cratered with pockmarks. An instant later, the topside portal on the sub opened, and Michael Tolland emerged. He looked shaky but unscathed. Climbing down the aluminum gangway, Tolland stepped onto the deck and eyed his sub’s destroyed dome window. â€Å"Ten thousand pounds per square inch,† Tolland said. â€Å"Looks like you need a bigger gun.† Inside the hydrolab, Rachel knew time was running out. She had heard the gunshots out on the deck and was praying that everything had happened exactly as Tolland had planned. She no longer cared who was behind the meteorite deception-the NASA administrator, Marjorie Tench, or the President himself-none of it mattered anymore. They will not get away with this. Whoever it is, the truth will be told. The wound on Rachel’s arm had stopped bleeding, and the adrenaline coursing through her body had muted the pain and sharpened her focus. Finding a pen and paper, she scrawled a two-line message. The words were blunt and awkward, but eloquence was not a luxury she had time for at the moment. She added the note to the incriminating stack of papers in her hand-the GPR printout, images of Bathynomous giganteus, photos and articles regarding oceanic chondrules, an electron microscan printout. The meteorite was a fake, and this was the proof. How to cite Deception Point Page 96, Essay examples

Significant Place free essay sample

September 3rd, 2010 Significant Place: Brooklyn, New York Many people have a place that is very significant to them. In my opinion, having a significant place is a very good thing because that means that significant place has a meaning. Brooklyn, New York, is the original hometown of the majority of my family and they have a very significant background history there. Brooklyn, New York is a very capacious city. My favorite thing to do there is shop. When I go shopping, I often enjoy seeing the enormous crowds in the downtown area which lets me know I am in New York. I try to ignore the rambunctious sounds oming from the cars, buses, people and trains because Brooklyn is a very large city which means theres going to be a lot of noise coming from everywhere. When I go downtown, a very distinct aroma often hits me which I think only I can smell. We will write a custom essay sample on Significant Place or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I Just love the fresh scent of downtown; the scent is as fresh as the smell of roses; very obsessive. Also, when I am downtown, I frequently visit a deli called Lawrys to get me a hero which is something like a sandwich but only better. The taste of it is very addictive which leaves me wanting more and more. I Just love Brooklyn and I doubt nywhere else can replace it. So many people live in New York. The enormous crowds are so indescribable. I like to go out at night and see the lights which are so bright enough to light up the streets of Brooklyn. You would never have to worry about getting around in New York because there are many types of transportation. You can take the large city metro bus, the train which is quite a bumpy ride and also the yellow taxi cab. In Brooklyn, I always used to go to Coney Island to go to an amusement park which is kind of like a carnival. I always used to have so much fun there. I loved to play games while I was here so I could win me a nice big fluffy teddy bear. I collected so many teddy bears and barely had room for anymore. The rides were also fun but my favorite ride I used to always get on was the Ferris wheel. I liked the Ferris wheel because it was very slow and relaxing to me and it gave me a great view of the whole carnival. If I ever wanted something sweet while I was there, I always used to get me some cotton candy; I Just love the sweet taste of it. Its very soft and it Just melts in my mouth. However, I love Coney Island and enjoy going there in my free time. The majority of my family lives in Brooklyn. Most of them resided from South Carolina to Brooklyn and the others were born and raised there. My family loves New York as well. Most of them are very successful, while few are still struggling to make a living. To my family, home is Brooklyn, New York and as they would always say Theres no place like home. Brooklyn, New York is known as the Big Apple and The Empire State. It is a very populous state. Many people decide to reside to New York to seek a better living as far as Jobs and transportation. My family decided to reside to South Carolina because of my great grandmother. She was very sick at the time and needed someone to care for her. Soon she died and my family decided to stay in South Carolina. Now my family is enjoying the South. We have a very nice house here and doubt we will ever move back to New York. Even though we are enjoying the In conclusion, its good to have a place that is very significant, not only to you but others as well. However, Brooklyn, New York is a very significant place to me and my family and they have a great background history there. If you dont have a significant place to you and others, I encourage you to find one.

How To Write a Good Introduction For an Essay

Essay introductions can be the hardest part of the writing process. Youve done the research, crafted your arguments but how do you begin? How do you get readers interested in what you have to say? How do you avoid being too general, too academic or too boring? A good introduction sets the tone and context for your argument in a way thats concise, clear and interesting. A tall order. Here are some tips for delivering a great essay introduction: Start With an Anecdote Stories and anecdotes lend a personal touch to an introduction. Readers would rather hear something they can relate to than jump into a sea of academic wordiness: In 1995, when I was 22, I hiked the Appalachian Trail. Back then, there were warnings about brown bears and a set of protocols to follow to avoid running into one. When pushing through a particularly difficult day, I ended up hiking through the night to make my days distance goal. I broke protocol. And found myself face-to-face with a brown bear on a rock cliff in the dark. Today theres no longer a chance for such encounters as the brown bear population has been all but decimated along the Appalachian Mountain chain. By giving the reader a background story, theyre now emotionally invested in learning more about the topic. Find a Killer Quote Sometimes a quote can sum up the essence of your argument like nothing else. If this is the case, then by all means, use one. For instance, an essay that argues that Christians dont follow Christian values could use a quote by Gandhi, â€Å"I like your Christ, I do not like your Christians. Your Christians are so unlike your Christ.† This quote has the benefit of not only being concise and clear, but it was stated by one of the most admired public figures in history. Just make sure not to use quotes that have become cliches. That will detract from your introduction instead of adding to it. Use Statistics and Facts Using facts and statistics helps establish your authority on the topic. Theyre also useful in getting the readers attention and helping them understand why something is important. For instance, â€Å"Today, there are over 15,000 child soldiers in South Sudan.† A sentence like this makes the reader understand the gravity of the situation youll be talking about. It gives them a sense of scope and measurement. Ask a Question A question has the benefit of tempting the reader to answer it. It gets them involved in your essay and makes them feel like youre speaking to them. Its a great technique to get people to read on. If its a polemical topic, even better. Ex: Are we responsible for stopping climate change? You can bet that a lot of readers will fall on one or other side of this issue. And therefore be tempted to read on to see if they agree or disagree with your take on the subject. State Your Thesis After you get readers interested with any of the above techniques, its time to hit them with your thesis. A thesis is the summary of your essays argument. It deserves time and attention to get it right. The thesis is a statement that is crafted so that it could be argued for or against. Ex: â€Å"The best way to prevent crime is to impose harsher sentences.† One could argue for or against this statement. A Word About Length An introduction should consist of about 1/10 of the total word count. So, for a 500 word essay, the introduction should be about 50 words. As you write more essays, youll get a feel for the appropriate length. It shouldnt be too short, otherwise you probably havent worked enough on crafting the hook. Nor should it dominate the essay. The majority of your essay is going to consist of your argument and research. Find the balance. A great essay introduction reels the reader in with an interesting story, a fact or statistic, a question to be answered or a quote that sums up your argument well. And, of course, the introduction includes your well-crafted thesis statement. Good luck and happy writing!

Free Essays on Influence Of Hip-Hop

are just a tool of the musicians that helps give them an appearance of being Benninger 2 gangsters, pimps, or dealers. It is these types of people that represent power and control to some or a glimpse into an unknown world to others. Either way, this image is what makes money. Further proof that rap artists are selling an image and not real life is that many rap artists are happily married men with wives and children that they truly care about. Dr. Dre, one of the forefathers of hardcore rap, in an interview with MTV, readily admitted that what he sells in his music is not a life that he himself wishes to live. He, like many other rap artists, does not view women as derogatory ... Free Essays on Influence Of Hip-Hop Free Essays on Influence Of Hip-Hop Influence of Hip-Hop Controversy has always been a prominent characteristic of popular music throughout the twentieth century. Whether it be the controversy surrounding Elvis' swinging hips, the Doors' suggestive lyrics, or Alice Cooper's stage antics, this controversy always seems to be followed by undue criticism from the media. One form of musical expression that has been in the news recently because of its negative attention is hip-hop. Rap, a relatively new form of musical exposition, has been criticized for its so-called anti-women lyrics. Some have even said that these types of lyrics are veering toward rape music (Faludi 267). This is just simply not true. Once thought of as a passing fad, rap has been able to fabricate many facets of popular culture. Due to their raw and insouciant lyrics, many artists have met opposition by conservative groups that believe rap spreads an anti-women message. These groups argue that the lyrics in many rap songs degrade women by calling them b itches, hoes, and tricks. These words, however, do little more than sell records. It is the image that rap artists represent as a whole that the youth of America buy. Although these terms may sound degrading, these lyrics have no real influence on America's image of women. These words are just a tool of the musicians that helps give them an appearance of being Benninger 2 gangsters, pimps, or dealers. It is these types of people that represent power and control to some or a glimpse into an unknown world to others. Either way, this image is what makes money. Further proof that rap artists are selling an image and not real life is that many rap artists are happily married men with wives and children that they truly care about. Dr. Dre, one of the forefathers of hardcore rap, in an interview with MTV, readily admitted that what he sells in his music is not a life that he himself wishes to live. He, like many other rap artists, does not view women as derogatory ...

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 20

History - Essay Example He currently earns a salary of $ 1 per month in a show of his philanthropy thereby investing the rest in numerous donor foundations. His success story begins back in his college days where he teamed up with a group of colleagues to create numerous computer programs and software applications. The journey to stardom as a social network entrepreneur has encountered myriad challenges most of which he overcame successfully thereby becoming the leading entrepreneur in the industry. Mark Zuckerberg had an average childhood just as most American children. He was born in White Plains, New York in 1984. While he currently bears no religious inclination, he was born a Jew with his conferment in the religion occurring while he was thirteen. He attended Ardsley High School alongside his other siblings namely Randi, Donna and Arielle. At school, Zuckerberg excelled in classical studies. Additionally, he had exemplary performance in physics, astronomy and math. Besides his exemplary in academics, Zuckerberg portrayed leadership and sports ability factors that influenced his selection to serve as the captain of the schools fencing team. He graduated from high school and applied to Harvard where he would later develop his career in software development. Zuckerberg ventured into software development early in life while in middle school. In the 1990s for example, his father, Edward Zuckerberg began teaching him different programming languages. He perfected in Atari BASIC programming. His father later hired David Newman to tutor him thereby growing his interest and skills in software development. Owing to his immense interest in computer programming and software development, Zuckerberg performed exemplarily with Newman calling him a prodigy in software development. Among his early success in the practice while still in middle school was a program he name â€Å"ZackNet†. He developed the

Gerardus Mercator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gerardus Mercator - Essay Example As stated by the author (Van Cauwenberghe, C., 2005), Gerardus Mercator's personal self-governing map-making only started when he created a map of Palestine in 1537 and this was pursued by an additional map of the world in 1538 and a map of Flanders in 1540. In 1541, Mercator made a globe of chips of wood, wrapped with linen and plaster. On top of it he stuck twelve parts of paper which was colored by him. Throughout this stage, he learned Italic handwriting as it was the most appropriate kind of handwriting for copper engraving of maps. He wrote down his first tutoring book of Italic handwriting which was published in northern Europe. (Van Cauwenberghe, C., 2005). In 1544, Mercator was accused with unorthodoxy due to his kindness for Protestant thinking and doubts about his regular travels. He was in prison for seven months before the blames were plunged, perhaps because of interference from the university authorities. However, in 1552, he went towards Duisburg, one of the main cities in the German Duchy of Cleves. He opened a cartographic workshop, where he finished a six-panel map of Europe in 1554. In the mean while, he began to teach mathematics at the academic college of Duisburg. After generating quite a few maps, he was chosen as a Court Cosmographer to Wilhelm, Duke of Jlich Cleves Berg in 1564. Before Mercator, seafarers had a problem, there weren't any reliable carts. The signals of the compass didn't agree with the signs of the carts. As a result, the seafarers ran aground hundreds of kilometers from their target. But Mercator had a solution as he wanted to give the seafarers a dependable cart. He created a new chart and used it fi rst in 1569. He projected the world on a cylinder having the parallels and meridians cross each other vertically and extending the distances on the corresponding lines with the same reason as the distances on the meridians. When Mercator presented his latest world map in 1569, he right away resolved one of the most imperative problems of map-reading which was to sketch a map on which a rhumb can be symbolized as a straight line.He used the word atlas to illustrate the collection of maps and encouraged Abraham Ortelius to assemble the first modern world atlas namely, Theatrum Orbis Terrarum in 1570. He formed his own atlas in numerous parts, the first of which was published in 1578 and consisted of accurate versions of the maps of Ptolemy. Maps of France, Germany and the Netherlands were added in 1585 and of the Balkans and Greece in 1588. More maps were published in 1595 after his death by his son Rumold Mercator. It took a while before the maps of Mercator were launched for navigation because Mercator kept his mathematical backdrop as a secret. As a result, other mathematicians struggled on other way to solve the problem. Michiel Coignet, a mathematician of Antwerp, attempted to give it a way out by calculating the length of the rhumb piece by piece for some given paths. These statistics didn't mean anything for seafarers only if they couldn't mark them out on their maps. Simon Stevin had similar thoughts and he recommended the usage moulds, shaped like a loxodrome and appropriating to each map. The real mathematical approach came from Edward Wright in 1599 using the basic idea for a Mercator map

Language Development Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Language Development - Research Paper Example Children show more receptive than productive language. Articulation disorders, Fluency disorders, Resonance or voice disorders Language disorders, Expressive disorders are the common forms of disorders that can be recognized when a child is delayed in the language improvement and these can be cured by the speech training and speech therapy. Speech-language therapy is the treatment for most children with speech and/or language disorders. A speech disorder refers to a problem with the actual production of sounds, whereas a language disorder refers to a difficulty understanding or putting words together to communicate ideas. Edward.Carr observed that a combination of simultaneous communication training and separate vocal training may have a synergetic effect on speech development. Hence while planning language intervention programs, providing ideal situations and contexts for language learning that supports the use of various effective approaches is of utmost importance. The context or type of activity (e.g., play-dough, book reading) can strongly influence the level of caregiver responsiveness (Girolametto & Weitzman, 2002) during the speech training. This suggests that different child learning levels require different teaching methods of language learning. Hence the current study observes various approaches of speech training tools at different stages of child development. The study observes different speech training tools like drama, mime, and improvisation for language development in different age group children from 3 years to 18 years. As children make a deliberate effort to master the sounds and sound patterns of the adult language, Ferguson and Farwell (1975) noted that children work simultaneously at mastering the sound system of the language as a whole and the sound patterns of individual words. So linguists caution against assuming that the correct adult pronunciation always underlies a child's mispronunciation (Waterson 1981). So this advice for careful speech training during the speech storage during early childhood and in school going children.

Culture Wars in the US and American Politics

Culture Wars in the US and American Politics The term culture wars gained national prominence when first used by Pat Buchanan at the 1992 Republican National Convention and declare that there is currently a war for the nations sole. This became a critic moment within American politics and can be viewed as a tipping point for a major politic shift within the G.O.P. This also garnered the attention of almost all of the main stream media sources and helped create the movement of Christian conservatism in mainstream politics. This idea is essentially a clash between what two different people (or groups) believe to be true within our society, and others with different viewpoints. No other collective set of ethical and moral issues have driven a wedge into the social fabric of the United States quite like the â€Å"culture wars† of the past thirty years. Lines of division have been drawn on social, political, religious, legal and family issues between two warring factions of secular institute and organized fundamentalists. The culture wars take on more than an ethnographical approach in American society. It is about politics, education, communal relations and the anthropology of how this country will be shaped for future generations. The examination of these wars should be dealt with as a category for the purpose of ethnographic inquiry. In other words, applicable scrutiny must be applied to each significant topic as a function of contemporary social process that makes up the foundation, and the catalyst, of this war. Make no mistake that this monolithic movement has caused a deep divide when the American landscape. The battle against secularism is a movement with profound emotional dimensions. Along with the effects of political mobilization and a strategic purpose, the New Christian Right has developed an emotional construction of collective identities that is at the forefront of today’s issues. James Davison Hunter believes that Americans have been divided between the orthodox and the progressives, characterized by political and social hostility rooted in different systems of understanding. Public debate in modern America is not so much a process of mutual understanding and negotiation as the exercise of power politics, but of imposing one agenda to the exclusion of another (Hunter p.155) He also goes on to state the media no longer mediates the political issues, but instead exacerbates the division by polarizing the moderate discourse that is in the average Americans mindset. This level and volume of this exacerbation can be calibrated and amplified with the unlimited reach and unregulated internet. One defining feature of the culture war is the labeling and classification of issues that have been deemed as moralistic. This is a form of binary construction that lends credence to the idea that the struggle is religious in nature. In most cases, issues and players are presented as polar opposites with irreconcilable differences. Henceforth, most of the battles within this culture war are usually portrayed as liberal versus conservative, or to a lesser degree, Democrat versus Republican (Chapman p. xxvii). Although most Americans may find themselves somewhere between the divisiveness or these polarities, the binary construction has a galvanizing effect on individuals who tend to fall toward either end of the socio-political spectrum. This blending of religion and politics is still alive and well today with people like Ralph Reed of the Faith and Freedom Coalition, Jim Daly of Focus on the Family, Tony Perkins of the Family Research Council, Phyllis Schlafly of Eagle Forum, Tim Wildmon of the American Family Association, James Dobson of the Alliance Defense Fund, David Barton of Wall Builders, Beverly LaHaye of Concerned Women for America. These are fundamental desperate views on how American culture operates. Methodology of Unification Social approaches through the use of communication, especially with electronic mass communication, are certainly nothing new. Below are a few sociological and psychological unification factors that have contributed to the success in the fusion of the New Christian Right. Evolutionary consideration should be made in terms of how this movement has generated support on such a grand scale. Many of the factors have been used successfully utilized by previous social and political movements, but this particular phenomenon has developed to the point of major influence in the current American political climate. In conjunction with the dynamics of emotional appeal, a number of unifying factors come into play in the attraction and recruitment of interested outsiders. These factors can also strengthen the bond of internal group cohesiveness. Some of these factors are illustrated below, but this list is certainly not and end-all, be-all. Psychological approaches differ by the individuals’ world view and level of influence, or distraction, from local persuaders and opinion leaders. In addition to drawing on preexisting emotional bases, within individual experiences, a conscience constituency can be emergent, especially in the case of highly successful social movements (Goodwin p.31). These social approaches are focused on visible behavior or mobilization into action by the identifying the groups’ cognition. Successful social approaches can eventually led to a version of a socially constructed reality. This group (or it can be said, a number of these groups, but as a whole) utilize Automaton perspectives (Bryant p.7) to help influence their agenda-setting prerogative. In order for agenda-setting to occur, individuals must be susceptible to being programmed by the media. In this particle case, the media in specially honed to individuals who have a need for orientation. Specialized interest groups need the recognition and attention of the mass media (and various specialized channels of media) in order to acquire legitimacy, visibility and credibility, as well as communicate their issue frames to the public (Callaghan p. 9). With a number of carefully selected issues and/or stories, many of these media outlets attempt to completely define issues, or at least exemplify the issue. In these cases the exemplifiers attempt to exemplify the issue (and the perspective) as definite and exemplified. Exemplification is not an all-or nothing concept, however (Bryant p. 21). The degree in which the level of exemplification takes place is subject to empirical determination. These methodologies fall into the parameters of a scientific field of study, but have interpretive qualities to the media consumer. Therefore, the levels of interpretation validate the level of effectiveness for not only each media outlet, but also by each strategy utilized. A social cognitive can also lead into the philosophical position of moral relativism which is the difference between moral judgments across many people and cultures. In the case of the New Christian Right, the branch of moral relativism that copepods into meti-ethical relativism does not factor into their subjectivity of culturally moral issues. Meti-ethical moral relativism holds that no one is objectively right or wrong, but behavior should be tolerated even if that behavior goes against an individuals value system. So, this relativism is relative to their particular stand or viewpoint. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy says that, Many moral relativists, however, take the fact-value distinction to be fundamental. There is not manner in which traditionalist can prove that their morals and ethics are particularly right or wrong, but there is still the judgment of their relativism being superior (Westacott). From their perspectives, what is considered the truth is through cognitive relativism that is based on a cultural relativism that has been developed and molded in an all encompassing and unifying perspective. The line that separates church and state has become more blurry within this country. The praxis, by which moralists have coerced, swayed and sometimes enforced their belief system onto the political format has had a resounding affect on our legislative and judicial system. Beliefs are a means to organize behavior and emotion. Therefore, many of these moral activists are seeking a means of ratifying their socially construction perception of reality. Dominion Theology Dominion Theology or Dominionism is the proposal that Christians should strive toward either a nation governed by Christians or one governed by a conservative Christian understanding of biblical law. This ideology is dominant among evangelical Protestants within the United States. It is a type of theocracy and is interconnected the theonomy, though it does not necessarily sponsor Mosaic laws as the basis of government. Some elements within the mainstream Christian Right have been predisposed by Dominion Theology authors. Indeed, some writers have employed the idiom Dominionism more broadly to the New Christian Right, wholly arguing that that faction is founded upon a theology that requires Christians to preside over non-Christians. Typical conservatives do not call themselves â€Å"Dominionists,† and the usage has sparked considerable debate. Their ideas are often reflected by non-reconstructionist like Pat Robertson or Jerry Falwell as a social revolution that should be forcefully swept across the country in reference to certain Biblical text. This idea states that Christianity will rule all areas of society through strict fundamental interpretation of Biblical laws. These rules should permeate throughout all of society, politics and business. This is not a government system ruled by the church, but rather a government conformed to the Law of God. Paul C. McGlasson states that Dominionism is constructed on four basic foundations: Epistemological dualism operates under the presumption that only devout Christians are truly capable of understanding and properly interpreting the Bible. Therefore, there is a distinct separation between God’s self-defined reality and human autonomy. Hence, any secularist’s Biblical interpretations are skewed and invalid. Dominion theology and the process of re-constructionism are all about a direct application of Mosaic Law to our society. These laws should apply every facet of American society and not just ancient Israel. Christian culture is an all-encompassing national perspective that affects every aspect of society; government, schools, families, corporations. This is viewed as the natural order of operations, and any resistance to this philosophy is purely secular. The forth, and most important aspect for this thesis is Christian political domination which states that individuals and cut into two different groups, believers and non-believers. Thus, there are two distinct forms of laws and governance, Biblical ans secular law.

She Walks In Beauty by Lord Byron and Douglas Dunns Reincarnation :: English Literature

Both She Walks In Beauty by Lord Byron and Douglas Dunn's Reincarnation are about romance. "She Walks In Beauty"/ "Reincarnation" Both "She Walks In Beauty" by Lord Byron and Douglas Dunn's "Reincarnation" are about romance. Although this is true they have much to be contrasted. "She Walks In Beauty" is about a man who is truly besotted with a woman who, from my observations, he doesn't even know. I think this from the fact that he doesn't talk about anything except for her looks and he says that he doesn't know her name: Had half impair'd the nameless grace ==================================== The poet takes pleasures from the woman's beauty and, unlike "Reincarnation" by Dunn, the poem mainly focuses on the woman's sexual attraction. She is often compared to perfection: Of cloudless climes and starry skies This also shows just how infatuated he is with her. This is an immense scale to put her on as it compares her not only to a section of a country but to the enormity and perfection of the galaxy. This metaphor also refers to her mysterious nature because -the poem was written almost two hundred years ago, in the early nineteenth century- not much was known about the night skies as it is so far away nobody has ever been there. This also shows how little he knows about her. A sense of adulation also occurs throughout Lord Byron's poem and it seems as though he cannot criticise her at all. This is completely contrasted with the bond between himself and the woman in Dunn's "Reincarnation". We can say, almost certainly, that "Reincarnation" is autobiographical, as we know that Dunn's wife died in 1984 from cancer. I think the sudden and premature death of his wife has been the inspiration for this poem that is so full of naked emotion and so full of true love, unlike the lust for the woman in the poem by Lord Byron, that you can almost feel his pain. For now I know the shame of being late, Too late. This shows the sorrow he is feeling. It also hints at remorse, giving us the sense that he feels slightly guilty about the death, which was obviously not his fault. It could also be showing us that he feels he has unfinished business with her or maybe he feels that he didn't have chance to say goodbye because he was so unprepared for it. The diction chosen by Lord Byron is very sophisticated. The words he chooses to use, such as eloquent make his poem flow with a smooth and graceful rhythm. The rhymes in "She Walks In Beauty" are monosyllabic

EMBA program Essay

It has been my desire for several years now to obtain a masters degree in business. To satisfy my desire for success, I intend to continue my education now. With the drive, determination, and discipline to both work at my career and attend an EMBA program, I am excited to pursue a high quality EMBA at Texas A&M Mays business school. Interested in acquiring the skill set, knowledge and business acumen necessary to become a successful manager, the Mays business program will prove central to my future success. As a Project Manager, I developed leadership skills and improved my problem-solving ability, but I never had the opportunity to take courses exploring business strategy, finance, or market forces. To realize my career goal, I clearly must enhance my abilities in these as well as other areas of business. I believe that the management core at Mays will provide me with the necessary knowledge to enhance and develop my capabilities. Also, in order to become a successful manager, it is imperative that I gain a more thorough education in foreign markets, business technology, and competition. As a manager in the twenty-first century, the ability to understand business on a global scale will be highly prized. Moreover, I look forward to interacting with the highly qualified, diverse students of the Mays EMBA program. With the small class sections, the program ensures the intimacy necessary to learn from each other’s varying perspectives and backgrounds. I know I could both contribute and grow in this unique environment where all students are fully employed. From my time as a software consultant and as a project manager at a global company, I have both developed strong team abilities and have seen the value and synergies of combining people with different backgrounds, knowledge, and experience levels. I believe that entering your EMBA program will provide me with the career possibilities and exposure to resources, such as networks and learning tools, which I do not currently have. At Mays, I know that my investment of time, energy, and money will be well rewarded. At this point in my life, I believe I have great potential to gain much from a business degree since I have been exposed to the business environment for the past ten years. I now posses a strong foundation to build upon and I am ready to assume the rigors and challenges of the Mays EMBA program. Of the two business schools to which I am applying, the Mays school is my first choice. Apart from their excellent curriculum, Mays school is very conveniently located to me. Please contact me if you need any clarifications or have questions regarding my qualifications or application.

The variety of specifically religious programmes on terrestrial TV Essays

The variety of specifically religious programmes on terrestrial TV Essays The variety of specifically religious programmes on terrestrial TV Paper The variety of specifically religious programmes on terrestrial TV Paper There are many different types of religious programmes, and seeing that there is so much choice over the five terrestrial channels, the importance of religious television has started to drop. The decline in the viewing of sacred programmes brings forward two major questions: Are people less interested in watching such programmes, or are they, as a society, not as religious as they once were? Religious programmes have always been present for as long as the television has been around. An example of a religious programme is a magazine show. The typical features of a magazine show are a presenter, comments on a variety of different issues relating to religion and faith, interviews with celebrities as well as personal stories from ordinary people. An example of a magazine show is The Heaven and Earth Show, normally shown around mid-day on a Sunday. Before watching the show, I believed that the audience of this programme would be of an old age, and would be people who are very religious, whereas after watching the show, I saw that there was no specific target audience, as the audience was people of all ages. The show concentrates on four main things, reviews, interviews, news and a viewer phone session. The news section talks about topics in which the public has shown interest, which they review. The Heaven and Earth Show also investigates about different parts of religion like the spiritual side. Many famous people and ordinary citizens are both interviewed about their religion, and/or on what they think about a specific religious issue. Ultimately, the phone in section is where people phone in and state their views on an important subject. Conclusively, a magazine show, in my opinion, is very interesting and is not always about religion. Another type of a religious programme is a religious documentary, which has examples like Everyman and Heart of he Matter. This type of programme sometimes does not even look at religious viewpoints and usually displays a debate or a documentary about something, which is important in the publics eye e.g. the Iraq crisis at the moment. Religious documentaries look at all the viewpoints to then construct a list of arguments for and against the matter. Their ending is quite stereotypical, as they seem to end in such a way that allows the viewer to make up his/her own mind. I am of the opinion that because broadcasters desire to show what society wants to see, new types of religious programmes like religious documentaries and magazine shows, have started to be shown on terrestrial T.V. Worship programmes, such as Songs of Praise, which includes Church ceremonies and hymn singing, have been present from the first days of the television. Conversely, as society has undergone a dramatic change (for example society has now become multi-faith) the stereotype of the typical religious programme has also been altered. Due to this alteration that has occurred in society, worship programmes have been forced to change. Songs of Praise, showed around 6-7pm, has started to include new features. These include features like human-interest stories from ordinary people, inspirational music performances, and how faith has affected their lives. Songs of Praise analyses many different dominations of Christianity, such as Catholics etc. The traditional features of the programme are still shown, for instance the audience can sing along with the hymns as the words actually appear on the television screen. Overall worship programmes have changed by a considerable amount as they have now started to attract viewers from a younger age group. Additionally, religion has always played a role in society; however, the role of religion upon society is now very different to that of the traditional role; consequently numerous new varied religious programmes are being displayed. Traditionally, society was regarded as strictly religious Christians, and people attended Church and prayed there more often. A recent poll displays that 85% of our society still have faith in God or a superior being. Even though this displays that the majority of people still believe in God, we cant categorise them as strictly religious. The change in society has altered the way that people view their religion, and modern-day society can be classified as indistinctly religious. I believe this for several reasons, initially people do not pray as often as they used too. Secondly, many people only focus on their religion, during festivals and religious events. Thirdly and lastly, people do not visit their holy places of worship, as often as they used too. As a consequence of society becoming indistinctly religious, the God slot has officially been eliminated. The God slot is a period of time every day where worship programmes are displayed on T.V. Conversely, due to society not wanting to view such programmes, the only enduring worship programme, Songs of Praise, has been forced to modernise. At first Songs of Praise only illustrated Church ceremonies, but it now concentrates on moral issues and interviewing celebrities, which clearly demonstrates the enormous influence that society has on religious television. The fact that society has become increasingly multi-ethnic and multi-religious has led to many people converting to other religions, which they find right for themselves. Broadcasters must respect this, thus they have began to display religious programmes that do not just focus on Christianity. Conclusively, the variety of religious programmes has increased from just worship programmes to a range of different shows, such as, magazine shows and documentaries etc. I believe that society converting from a strictly religious one to an indistinctly religious one is the main reason as to why this change has occurred.

Conjugating Chasser in French

Conjugating Chasser in French When you want to say to hunt or to chase in French, use the verb  chasser. This is pretty straightforward because it looks and sounds a lot like the English chase. You will find that conjugating  chasser  is relatively easy as well. Conjugating the French Verb  Chasser Chasser  is a  regular -ER verb  and that means we can use the most common verb conjugation pattern. If you learn how to transform this word to the appropriate tense, it makes similar words like  cesser  (to stop) and  brà »ler  (to burn)  a little easier to learn. Conjugating is as simple as recognizing the stem in this case,  chass   and adding the appropriate ending. For the  je  (I) present tense, its as simple as an -e  and for the future  je, it will be -erai. Unlike English, French requires you to match the subject pronoun with the tense. In English, hunting applies no matter if youre talking about I, you, or we, but in French, each subject requires a different ending. The chart will help you learn these forms: I hunt is je chasse and we will hunt is nous chasserons. Subject Present Future Imperfect je chasse chasserai chassais tu chasses chasseras chassais il chasse chassera chassait nous chassons chasserons chassions vous chassez chasserez chassiez ils chassent chasseront chassaient The Present Participle of  Chasser Using the stem of  chasser, add the ending -ant  and you have the  present participle  chassant. This is a verb  but can be used as an adjective, gerund, or noun as well. The Passà © Composà © and Past Participle A  common way to express the past tense in French is the  passà © composà ©. To use this, conjugate the  auxiliary verb  avoir  to match the subject, then add the  past participle  chassà ©. For example, I chased is jai chassà © and we hunted is nous avons chassà ©. More  Chasser  Conjugations to Know In less frequent instances, you may find a use for the following conjugations. The subjunctive and conditional are used when there is uncertainty to the verb and these are used quite often. In contrast, the passà © simple and imperfect subjunctive are rare and found primarily in literature. In the least, you should be able to recognize each of these. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je chasse chasserais chassai chassasse tu chasses chasserais chassas chassasses il chasse chasserait chassa chassà ¢t nous chassions chasserions chassà ¢mes chassassions vous chassiez chasseriez chassà ¢tes chassassiez ils chassent chasseraient chassà ¨rent chassassent To use  chasser  in an exclamation and quickly request or demand something be hunted, use the imperative. When doing so, its perfectly acceptable to skip the subject pronoun and say only the verb: chasse rather than  tu chasse. Imperative (tu) chasse (nous) chassons (vous) chassez

Last man and overman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Last man and overman - Essay Example Plato believes that desire and thinking are in the body not of the body. However, Nietzsche thinks that last man comes from repression of body and instincts. Without the body, the soul cannot move beyond itself and see things objectively. Plato believes that the essence of soul is out there, beyond itself and is moving. Nietzsche agrees it is moving, although he claims that essence is secured in body. Ego and will both have contempt for the body but both have contentment in their thinking and desires. During studying this text, we can understand that the soul of the last man is not able to create beyond itself, but the soul of the overman is able to create beyond itself. There are some characteristics of the last man, such as cruelty, the longest life (because he has a great knowledge of health), happiness, reason, and virtue. If you deny the body, your sense cannot go beyond yourself and material things. The origin of the last man was already in Plato’s doctrine. Ego, will, and soul mean thinking, desire or will, and spirit respectively. The spirit of ego, will, and desire must be changed into the postmodern view on the soul and postmodern form. Soul controls the body of the last man, while the body controls soul in behalf of body. Soul is complete and it is never equal to body. Soul is in the body but not of the body. It goes towards rationality. The soul of the last man is the soul away from the body. Soul is like spirit, ego, thinking, and desire. Soul has contempt for the body, but it is only a spirit. Soul as spirit is immoral. Spirit without the body is the structure of the soul of last man. The soul cannot go beyond manmade happiness. The chapter â€Å"On the Despisers of the Body†, you are what your body is â€Å"Body am I, and soul†. The body created the ego and the spirit and it serves to itself. The self is the body and the spirit that the body created. The body is a great intelligence and the ruling part of

Recommendations for Market Entry in India (Gap Inc.) Essay

Recommendations for Market Entry in India (Gap Inc.) - Essay Example It is recommended that Gap Inc. take immediate advantage of this market opportunity in order to secure Indian consumer loyalty to Gap brands prior to competitor market entry; which will likely escalate with the removal of Indian import quotas. Gap Inc.'s strengthened balance sheet and debt reduction activities leading to U.S. $3 billion in cash and investments (Gap Annual Report) suggests that the company can adequately support the demands of higher logistics costs and employee compensation demands within this region. When retail companies consider additional retail expansion they are faced with a variety of options for market entry: that is, acquisitions, franchising or joint ventures. Due to the obvious drawbacks in securing local talent to effectively operate franchise facilities in the short-term, it is the recommendation that Gap Inc. consider foreign direct investment as an appropriate option for initial market entry. Direct corporate investment will accomplish two distinct objectives: First, to familiarise the firm.

Bank financial management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bank financial management - Essay Example While some considers the commodities and equity market as one of the riskiest assets for an investor to put his or her money, the riskiness of a bank is defined differently. The financial statement of a bank reflects the true picture of its assets and liabilities at a particular point of time for a particular period. The balance sheet of a bank shows the total assets owned by the bank and the total liabilities owed by the bank, on a given date. Different countries have different capital adequacy ratio and guidelines that help the banks to maintain adequate capital to protect the bank from defaulting. The global financial crisis that affected almost all the economies, directly or indirectly, changed the perception of risk in the multinational banks all over the world. The Basal committee on banking supervision which was established by the central bank authorities of ten countries encourages common standard and common capital adequacy requirements for its members to ensure investor protection of funds. Assessing the Financial Position of European & US Banks during the Period 2002-07 A bank is considered as one of the safest place for putting money when compared to other investments instruments like equities or corporate debt instruments, derivatives, hybrid instruments, etc. However, the perception of many people around the world has changed with time. If banks has inadequate capital base, it will need third party assistance to infuse capital which will increase borrowing cost and risk. Consider an example, and investor has the option to invest in Bank A, operating in US, or in Bank B, operating in Germany. Moreover, the rate of return from both the bank is same, say 5%. So, in this case, how does an investor decide in which bank he or she should park money? One way to answer this question is to ascertain the risk of default for both the banks, since the given expected return is same. To determine the riskiness of default, an individual or corporate need to assess the financial statement of both the banks. Key variables like the total assets, loans, deposits and short term funding, equity, net interest margin, liquidity, profit before tax, operating income, fee and commissions, loans to total asset ratio, interest coverage ratio, profitability ratio, etc. are used to evaluate the financial health of the banks (Selvavinayagam, 1995, pp.11-32). From the given data, if we analyse the performance of the European banks with US banks on the basis of Net Interest Margin, their efficiency can be assessed. To analyse the given data, we first concentrate on the NIM of commercial banks from the year 2002 to 2007. The net interest margin or NIM is defined as the difference between the interest income and the interest paid by the banks relative to other assets. This is similar to the gross profit margin of the non-financial institutions (Maudos & Guevara, 2002, pp.18-19). Higher values mean that the banks are earning higher spread between the interest receivable on loans given out and the interest payable on the loans taken. The average Net Interest Ma rgin for the U.S. from 2002-07 is above 3.00% compared to the European bank of is 2.9931%. Thus, keeping other things constant, on the basis of NIM, the US banks are marginally more efficient compared to the E

The foghorn and the sea Raiders Essay Example for Free

The foghorn and the sea Raiders Essay Thought (Hugin) and Memory (Munin) were the two ravens that went unto the world to observe and return to tell of what all men do, Driven by further search for knowledge, Odin begged Mimir, the wise, to allow him to drink from the well of wisdom, for this he consented to lose an eye. Wounded I hung on wind swept gallows For nine long nights, Pierced by a spear, pledged to Odin, Offered myself to myself: The wisest know not from whence spring The roots of that ancient rood. They gave me no bread, they gave me no mead: I looked down; with a loud cry I took up the runes and I fell. (The Elder Edda 56) Here we find Odin once more sacrificing himself for knowledge, In The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Mythology it is said that Odin actually died on the gallows of Yggdrasil, that he traversed Nifleheim, or Hel in order to obtain the nine sacred runes, that seem to be extremely powerful as described in The Elder Edda. The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Mythology adds yet another theory to Odin hanging himself, The parallel between Odins voluntary death on Yggdrasil and the crucifixion remains striking. Odin was pierced with a spear and like Christ, cried out before he died there is little doubt that his hanging on the cosmic tree had pre-Christian origins and derived from ancient pagan worship. Odin had long been the god of the spear, the god of the hanged. This could definitely be determined as less than speculation, seeing as we must rely on our sources and to this point one could say that this is a very valid and well thought out work. Regardless of minor differences in text again we must as they did default ourselves to the larger span of information. There were two different groups of gods in Scandinavian Mythology, The Aesir and the Vanir. Each having their own respective dwelling place, Asgard for the Aesir, and Vanaheim for the Vanir. Of the two, The Vanir have been said to be the older. Unlike the warrior Aesir, the Vanir were a race of gods associated with fertility, wealth, and good weather. (The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Mythology 500) Among the Vanir were, Njord, the sea and fortune god, Skadi, the god of destruction, Freyja, the goddess of love, and Freyr the god of Fertility. Among the Aesir were, Odin, Balder, Bragi, Forseti Heimdall, Hodr, Thor, Tyr, Vili, Ve, Vidar, Frigg, Sif, and Idun. At one point in time there was a great war between these two branches of gods, yet both the Aesir, and the Vanir came to terms by exchanging several prominent gods of each side. The Vanir sent Njord, Freyr, Freyja, and Kvasir, while the Aesir sent Mimir, and Honir. The Vanir soon found that they got the bad end of the deal due to the fact that Mimir was the only one who knew what he was talking about, and that in his absence Honir, wasnt really that bright. The Vanir then sliced of Mimirs head and sent it back to Asgard, where Odin used Powerful magic to allow Mimirs head to speak. Little else is known of the Vanir, they seemed to lose importance quickly after it was concluded that the war was resolved however it was noted that Vanaheim, was potentially unaffected by Ragnarok. This shows evidence of two religions colliding with Scandinavian and Germanic mythology. Revealing to us that Scandinavian mythology has most definately influenced by other ancient tales and stories. (Cherry, Vanaheim) Scandinavian mythology might have been the inspiration to several works of modern day literature. It is Nicole Cherrys opinion that Tolkien was very well acquainted with the northern mythos, as can be seen by the use of it in his books. The name of one of his main characters, Gandalf, is found in The Poetic Edda. Gandalf is, in some ways, reminiscent of Odin, the leader of the Norse pantheon. Even the name Middle-earth, the setting for Tolkiens The Lord of the Rings, comes from Norse mythology. There are several other modern day works of literature based on or derived from Scandinavian mythology as well, such as, The Ring of the Nibelung and The Nibelungenlied. These works, may well show the effect and legacy of Scandinavian Mythology in the World. Another notable element of Tolkeins Lord of The Rings was his use of the ring itself to the Viings the ring meant wealth honor fame and destiny. It was in fact a tradition to give rings to neighboring countries, bringing to notice the ever prominent focal point of the Lord of the Rings. (Day 29) There is no Heaven or Hell in Scandinavian mythology, the only hope is to be brought up to Asgard by a Valkyrie or Battle Maiden. Even then those chosen or the Einherjar (The Heroic dead) faced defeat at Ragnarok in the Final Battle on the Vigrid Plain. This may be unlike any other focal point of religion known. It reasons in many ways that the only way to gain honor is to die in battle unfaltering. Scandinavian Mythology, although comparable to other religions or other pagan beliefs is an original and unique work of the Norwegians, Swedish, Icelandic, and Danish peoples of Europe. Hamilton describes it justly by saying, Asgard, the home of the gods, is unlike any other heaven men have dreamed of. No radiancy or joy is in it, no assurance of bliss, it is a grave and solemn place, over which hangs the threat of inevitable doom the same is true for humanity this conception of life which underlies Norse religion, as somber a conception the human mind has ever given birth to A heroic death is not a defeat, but a triumph. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE JRR Tolkien section.

Computer Ethics And Impact Of Society Information Technology Essay

Computer Ethics And Impact Of Society Information Technology Essay This report is a study of computer ethics and its relevance to todays society .We live in the age of super computers where everything comes to us in our finger tips. Children get exposure to Internet much before they start their formal education. Computers are electronics devices invented by humans for the convenience and welfare of themselves which does not have any kind of thought process internally about the ethical behaviours. The dos and donts in the information technology and Internet are unknown to many computer users. As new evolving technologies come in and these technologies pays way to create challenges in the areas of privacy and security of people around the world. Ethics refers to code of principles by which people live .Computer Ethics is the branch of information technology which deals with the nature and computer technology and the end users and their varying characters. It sets a certain standards or rules for the will be smooth sailing. Some common computer ethics are intellectual property rights copyrighted electronic content, privacy concerns, by which how computers affect society. It involves social issues, such as access rights, working place monitoring, censorship and junk mail; professional issues such as professional responsibility and code of conduct; legal issues such as legal obligations, data protection, and computer misuse and software piracy. The computer ethics field consists of the problems with computer software and hardware malfunctions by the misuse by humans. Our society depends on the computer and its network to leverage the business and social life, hence both social and personal ethicals issues exists . Without computers and its networks most of the industries will not survive in todays work and will come to a halt. Most of the electronic communications do not guarantee any security and privacy. This report is a journey through the history of computer ethics the pioneers and their perceptions and slants on computer ethic s. Later on walks through the influence of computer ethics at work and the various factors that affects to determine the ethical behaviours. (Bynum, 2008) 2. HISTORY OF COMPUTER ETHICS 1940s As the technology evolves, the studies related to this field evolved as well. The introduction of computer ethics as a study came in the year 1940. Norbert Weiner was known as the father of computer ethics. In 1940s, Norbert Weiner who was an American mathematician and professor of Massachusetts Institute of Technology created the Cybernetics during Second World War. 1950s In 1950 Weiner publishes his second book The Human Use of Human Beings [Page 16 of second edition of 1954] When I communicate with a person, I impart a message to him and when he communicates back with me he returns a related message which contains information primarily accessible to him and not to me. When I control the action of another person I communicate a message to him and although this message is in the imperative mood, the technique of communication does not differ from that of a message of fact It is the thesis of this book that society can only be understood through a study of the messages and the communication facilities which belong to it; and that in the future development of these messages and communication facilities, messages between man and machines, between machines and man, and between machine and machine, are destined to play an ever increasing part. 1960s Later in 1960 Don B. Parker, an Information Security Researcher and Consultant -associated with the ACM(Association of computer machinery) started watching the unethical usage of computer and information technology by computer professionals (Parker, 1999) (Bowling Green State University., 2001) In 1966 a professor from MIT Joseph Weizenbaum wrote ELIZA A Computer Program for the Study of Natural Language Communication between Man and Machine. The first computer crime was in the year 1966 in the United States, a computer engineer manipulated the programs of a banks computer system to prevent the banking account being used flag as overdrawn. In 1966 the Freedom of information Act (FOIA) was the first computer law legal right to access the governments information 1970s 1970s were the time period where the computers revolutionized and Walter Manner who is a Professor of Computer Science and Director of the Artificial Intelligence Project at Bowling Green State University in Bowling Green, Ohio introduced the term Computer Ethics . Manner offered the university students a course on an experimental Course on the subject at Old Dominion University. During the late 1970s through the mid of 1980s, being a lecturer Mr,Maner was much interest in university-level Computer ethics courses. He offered a variety of workshops and lectures at Computer science conferences and philosophy conferences across America. In 1978 he also self-published and disseminated his Starter Kit in Computer Ethics, Which contained curriculum materials and pedagogical advice for university? Teachers to develop computer ethics courses. In 1976 Joseph Weizenbaum published a 300 page book, Computer Power and Human Reason which set the benchmark in computer ethics as a field and is still considered as the classic in computer ethics In 1976: Abbe Mowshowitz published an article, titled: On approaches to the study of social issues in computing. It identifies and analyzes technical and non-technical biases in research on social issues in computing. Five positions-technicism, progressive individualism, elitism, pluralism, and radical criticism-which reflect major streams of contemporary social thought are examined- The ACM digital library, volume 24, issues 3, March 1981 In 1979 Terrell Ward Bynum s Professor of Philosophy at Southern Connecticut State University 1980s In 1985 James H Moor who is a professor of Dartmouth College in Intellectual and Moral Philosophy published an influential article entitled What is computer ethics. In the same year followed by moor, Deborah Johnson of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute published Computer Ethics This is referred as the first textbook on computer ethics. The Electronic Communications Privacy Act ECPA of 1986 which prohibits the lawful access and disclosure of the law prevents government entities from requiring disclosure of electronic communications from a provider without proper procedure. (AOL Legal Department, 2003) 1990s Donald William gotterbarn in 1991 his paper work Computer Ethics: Responsibility Regained. explained computer ethics as a branch of professional ethics concerned with standards of good practice (Gotterbarn) (computerethics.org, 2000) In October 1992 the executive council of Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) voted to adopt the revised the ACM Code. It is also called Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice ACM code of Ethics and Professional Conduct consisting of 24 imperatives formulated as statements of personal responsibility, identifies the elements of such a commitment [http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_ACM_code] In 1995, Dr,Simon Rogerson professor of computing at De Montfort University in Leicester, UK created the Centre for Computing and Social Responsibility (CCSR) to organize the first computer ethics conference in Europe, which was named as ETHICOMP95.lateron Rogerson added computer ethics to the curriculum of De Montfort. In 1995 Gordian Kocikowska, predicted on computer ethics giving a statement computer ethics eventually will evolve into global ethics in her article The computer revolution and the problem of global ethics In 1999 Deborah Johnson stood opposite to the statements of Gorniak and told computer ethics will not revolution rather than ethical thinking and analysis, computer ethics is the same ethics with a twist in the flavour. (Comphist, 2004) (Bynum, 2008) VIEWS OF PIONEERS Norbert Wiener Norbert Weiner in his book Cybernetics or control and communication in the animal and the machine in 1948, Cybernetics is formally defined as the science of control and communication in animals, men and machines. It extracts, from whatever context, that which is concerned with information processing and control. His essential goal of cybernetics is to understand and define the functions and processes of systems that have goals. Weiner said that the human nervous system can be compared to It is enough to say here that when we desire a motion to follow a given pattern the difference between this pattern and the actually performed motion is used as a new input to cause the part regulated in such a way to bring its in a state of what is known as ataxia.An ataxia of this type is familiar in the form of syphilis of the central nervous system known ad tabes dorsalis where the kinetic sense conveyed by the spinal nerves is more or less destroyed [page 7 and 8]. Amount of information in a sy stem is the measure of its degree of organization, so entropy of s system is a measure of its degree of disorganization. And one is simply negative the other.study of Maxwell demon [Page 11]. Donn B Parker In an interview with Donn told that he has interviewed more than 200 cyber criminals to understand the motive to get into computer crimes which shows the evidences of common behavioural psychological patterns. Computer criminals universally fear unpredictable circumstances, environments and events that could cause their crime to fail. Unpredictable systems would create an atmosphere of uncertainty (Bowling Green State University., 2001) Parker describes the scenario methodology in computer ethics, a need to identify the participant in the scenario. Sorting the act and non-act classifying as ethical or non-ethical or not in the category Deborah Johnson Deborah has a different view on computer ethics. She said pose new versions of standard moral problems and moral dilemmas, exacerbating the old problems, and forcing us to apply ordinary moral norms in uncharted realms, even though she do not agree with computer creating new moral problems James H Moor As per Moor in his article What is computer ethics ? defined ethics due to policy vacuum and conceptual muddles with regards to social and ethical use of computers and technology. Computers provide new capabilities and new choices for action. His advices to analyse the framework which results in policy for that action. He also added that computers are logically malleable which can be moulded to do any kind of activities Donald Gotterbarn According to Gotterbarn computer ethics should be considered as branch of professional ethics with focus on standards of good practices for computer professionals whom all are engaged in the design and development of in the everyday activities will add value to their professional value. Co-ordinating with ACM he released code of ethics for computer professionals. (Gotterbarn) (Bynum, 2008) 4. COMPUTER ETHICS IN SOCIETY Computers and human life are inter-related , we relish it in many areas of our day to day life in traffic signals, banking system, tax, and police. People blame on computers for cash machine crashes traffic signal failures where human designed these softwares and networks. the dilemma are the blunders associated with computers like ozone layer remained undetected due to programming error Y2K problem was not detected till we approached 2000.If we dig into the actual history of the computer ethics it started with the use of first computer. Computer and information technology is not limited as it is spreads with branches like a banyan tree; information technology has its branches in all the fields of Industry medical, automotive like that the list is not closed. Internet which is a by-product of ICT is revolutionary link to all these branches. We connect officially as corporate, be in touch with our loved ones, search engines, mail, instant messengers. As a medium of storage of critical to personal data, everything are on fingertip irrespective of the physical location as we can say the information technology moves with us and is available in the same or expected form on the web. (Herold, 2006) (Bynum, 2008) 4.1 COMPUTER CRIMES Most of the cyber criminals are anti-social element who gets motivated by the prior worst personal experience resulting in the crimes. Computer crimes can result in financial loss, information loss. Some major computer crimes in info space and as listed below which affects both work and personal life. (Herold, 2006) Hacking Virus Fraud Identity theft Denial Of Services DoS Child pornography IRC crime Software piracy Hacking Computer hacking has become a status among many youngster.. Hackers are tend to have better understanding of coding and break into computers and are aware of bypassing the security or can remain undiscovered in the network for a certain time without leaving footprints for the forensics by wiping out the log files. When we talk about the evil we should see the other side of the coin the virtuous which is ethical hacking .Ethical hacking is meant for attacking the computer system or network with the full permission of the sole. The most common ethical hacking technique is penetration test by inducing the code to the system and to be aware of the vulnerabilities by negligence as the hackers look for loop holes and create back door. Many corporate create their own IT security policies to secure their network. Virus Computer viruses are in the top most list of threat faced by the Information world. Computer program created to do nasty works inside which enters into a computer by mean of downloading softwares or mp3 files which calls them as Free softwares. Worm is much similar to the virus which gets replicated by human intervention; until and unless provoked remain quiet in the corner of the system. Trojan horses are interested in creating a back-door for the intruders in a compromised machine. Deploying a powerful anti-virus with the latest released virus definitions can help us in leading a peaceful life (Williams, 2003) Identity theft Financial identity theft is the widely asserted crime happening in the Internet. These intruders get into the system pretending the account holder of the bank by inputting false identity. A criminal identity thief uses the personal information including the national insurance number and social security number to do crime and leave it as the proof of identity. Medical identity theft is done by using another persons identity to obtain medical care or drugs where law restricts to purchase drugs. Computer security is the ultimate solution for identity theft by sanitizing the obsolete data in system and spam mails by installing anti-virus software which has powerful tools to protect online transactions. Most of the nations have law in place against these kind of identity thefts which includes heavy financial fine and imprisonment Denial of Services-DoS Denial of service wont affect neither the system security or destruct information loss any files make financial theft but can affect the targeted business by putting on fire ranging from second to days by making unavailability of a critical server, email or website which provides service as business . A buffer overflow with a prior assumption that of the weakness of programming or architecture of the applications used are the famous denial of service attacks that bench marked the history so far. Disabling the ICMP traffic in the firewall can prevent the ping of death. Implementing strong encryption techniques and deploying domain naming service. To overcome DoS attacks are by knowing the infrastructure and regular testing for complexity, keeping spam filters will limit mailbox getting flooded, if the business demands buying a space in the cloud or by keeping dramatically huge processor power and server volume will help to prevent such kind of issues. Pornography Pornography refers to any kind of image displaying a person who is being engaged in explicit sexual activity. In countries like Spain child pornography is a criminal offense if conventional pornography was in the paper based hard copy or video tape as technology advanced the Internet based pornography is image files or video files and on-line buffering. Severely punishing these criminals and these punishments to be brought to the notice of general public for their awareness that it will their experience if they do so. Association of sites advocating child protection ASACP was found in 1996 is meant for reporting child abuses in the society anonymously aiming to catch hold of the pornographers, they have a fully functional hot line and website asacp.org where people are report the crime . The RTA certificate helps children from accessing pornographic websites which is available Internet wide free of cost. (Barrons Educational Series, Inc, 1999) IRC Crimes Many people lose their privacy when then enter the IRC (Internet Relay Chat) rooms. The chat rooms become the playground of cyber criminals, hackers and terrorists. Verbal IRC crimes are where people get abused verbally in the chat rooms. The second category is clone attack where randomly synchronized codes are generated on behalf of usernames by robots to generate a random character which gets multiplied by the per-written code result in flooding and the chat server gets freezes due to Denial of service. Criminals use Cyber stalking to harass women and celebrities. IRC crimes can be stopped by simply ignoring or banning the user id which almost all chat sites allow. Salami Attack All these times we were talking about a crime which is relevant only to single attack , now lets talk about a series of tiny attacks which is categorized as salami slicing in computer cyber terms. The attacker steals a comparatively small amount of money from the account and the actual account holder will assume that it might be a service charge of any bank transactions or transaction which they might have done during shopping and wont be bothered to scrutinise the actual fact. such attacks will be done will multiple users which is like an atomic reaction. Botnet A bot is defined as zombie army which is an interconnected network of computers on the Internet with malicious infected software robots. The zombies army can be controlled only by the owner of the respective program. Botnet which is a malware can result in Denial of service attack. Criminals use this technique to utilize the shared processing power and memory Gradually the users system will face slow down .The solution to overcome the botnet is to install antivirus which can detect the malwares .(Parker, 1999) 4.2 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Intellectual property commonly referred as IP in short is associated with creativity of an artistic work, or invention of technologies. Computer professionals and students are committed not to copy other works to part of their work without their consent. Taking the credit of innovative work might not be technically a crime under law but it is unethical. According to Richard stallman the founder and pioneer of Free software , software it should not lie with certain limited people . His version is no one has the monopoly to own, it should be open to all it being claimed as information. The statement of Deborah Johnson is that softwares and applications are the outcomes of a group of professionals effort leveraged by their skill set. I would stand aside Johnson as this an industry which is the bread giving one, but outdated softwares can be release for public use and for students and financially backward people where the light of information world dint fall. Intellectual property is cat egorized into two by world intellectual property society as copyright and patent 4.2.1 Piracy Software piracy is the most controversial talk in the information space, if we never pay for free-ware used, the sharewares has to be payed depending on the usage entitled by the owner. Piracy lies somewhere in the middle where the customer need to be pay relatively small amount which is common in Asian countries. Piracy has spread to video industry as well by where the storage discs of newly released albums and movies are available in market for cheaper price .(Williams, 2003) 4.2.2 Open-source Vs Closed-source. Open-source applications are those applications available free of cost Closed-source applications are available in the market like windows operating system. Open-source softwares can be downloaded free of cost and can be manipulated using the source code. As the word refers closed source softwares are closed in many ways, so we can expect more security from them. It will not be easier for a hacker to create a threat in closed source. For an open source application the source is readily available to the end user, he can experiment the possible vulnerabilities and can create a threat from that. 4.2.3 Plagiarism Students are liable to stick on to plagiarism. Copying a colleagues crucial information is equivalent to theft. Plagiarism is a kind of cheating, school going kids do it by literally downloading and later amend it by changing the overall look by adding font colours. Arranging the referred website and book in a systematic way will help the student falling into plagiarism. Consolidating this data into bibliography will help the student in the safer side. (Bynum, 2008) (Williams, 2003) 4.3 PRIVACY AND ANONYMITY Spoofing Spoofing is the process of doing any kind of on-line data transfer where the origin of the data will be IP- spoofing and email spoofing the subcategories of spoofing . IP-Spoofing is the technique used to hide ones ip address and leverage other persons ip address to do some malpractices. In email spoofing the usually terrorists use this to send threatening email to home affairs department. Man in the middle attack is the by-product of spoofing where a person does the crime pretending the online transaction is done by the poor chap who owns the on-line account by network address translation on a cloud computing . Many corporate have security policies implemented to defend against these attacks Phishing Phishing is the tactics of sending fake emails giving an impression to the end user who receives the email mentioning he is receiving it on behalf of a well reputed organization most of the times from the billing or financial department claiming asking for the credit card details .Phishing sets either an upsetting message or an offer message which enables a psychological reaction in human Phishing scams are dramatically increasing now a day. To overcome in case of any discrepancies the link needs to be avoided and intimating the concerned person may be a good approach. Password protection Passwords are the keys to get into our privacy .Every individual have a bunch of passwords and most of them are identical for our own convenience. .If we are in a business critical position of a corporate or reputed brand. We should adhere to not sharing the passwords even with our friends; need to keep the passwords changed in a time interval of three months .need to make sure we are using complex passwords which contains alphanumeric characters as well. (Bynum, 2008) SOCIAL NETWORKING AND BLOGS Social networking in a spanning innovation of the present world. It is one among the innovations of the decade which if used in a supposed manner common population can make use of it .The advantage of social networking is wherever we go around the world we can be in touch with our loved ones and friends. Social networking can let a business man know the response of his products instantly from the blogs. As mentioned early when new invention is born with twin brother which is a crime . He looks identical twin until being as a crime. Social networking is an unavoidable part of our social life. We are kept updated by the blogs and status updates which is advantageous in many ways for a person who dont look at newspaper , improving his vocabulary, culture and will let him know what is happening around and most of them comes free of cost. An individual can upload a fake profile which can misguide many youngsters. Most of the social networking websites are privately owned and they dont rea lly look into the verification of the information provided in the user profile which might result in the misuse of profile for anti-social activities which can a celebrity or a religiously known influential person. (Barrons Educational Series, Inc, 1999) 5. COMPUTER ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY Computer professionals work on many technologies in different domains. They work on different programming languages and evolving technology platforms. They are spread around the world contributing their inventions. The computer professionals are not limited to computer scientists or software engineers. The chain will be incomplete without system analysts, warehouse professionals hardware designers, networking professionals, database administrators and IT managers. The basics of ethics should start from each computer professional .there would not be no one to monitor at work. Computer ethics should be self driven. The computer professionals should voluntary test and validate the errors without leaving any loopholes when the applications are build. There is a saying Engineers build the world where the same engineers destruct the world too. This is complementary as the engineers invented concrete mixing machines and cranes whereas the same engineers invented the bulldozer. It is the sam e case of computer industry where the softwares engineers develop softwares and the same software engineers create viruses. Usage of computer or network without the owners permission physically or virtually and damaging data is unethical and is certainly a crime. This crime can be monitored upto an extend by intrusion detection systems IDS. IDS is capable of monitoring the computers and its network in an organization. The IDSs are configured in such a way that whenever a deviation from standard policies it will trigger an alert to the system administrator. The computer professionals are obliged to certain responsibility, a software developer who develops is responsible to point out the drawbacks to the society during the primitive stage of the development. The professional should we educated towards the legal responsibilities of the applications as it could become a harm to the evolving technologies . According to me the legal and moral responsibility is mutual and the professional should look into the future inflictions. This lies on the shoulder of every member in the team. The members should report any kind of issues to their supervisors. Few disasters in the past which reminds us about the importance of ethics ; 1985 Therac- 25 radiation machine fail 1983 World war 3 Due to bug the soviet intelligence applications 1987 Wall street crash known as Black Monday 1990 ATT network collapse 1995 Airane explosion 1999 Siemens passport bug 2000 I love you virus, 2004 UK child support agency bug These events in the past reminds us the importance of the software testers were morally liable to the fix could have away because of negligence. Assuming the context of software development for a medical ACM Code The association for computing machinery ACM released the code of ethics and professional conduct which is set as a benchmark for computer ethics so far. It is a 24 which talks about the contributing to the society without harming giving credit to intellectual property with respect to privacy and honours confidentiality. Professional responsibilities striving to achieve quality and dignity in work and product. Maintaining competence with respect to the law pertaining professional work. Providing professional review and comprehensive evaluation. We should honour the contract and responsibilities assigned to us. Should improve public understanding. One should access the computer resource when they are supposed to do so. In 1992 Dr.Ramon C Barquin discussed the role of computer ethics through Computer ethics institute and is being used by reputed institutions and organisation which is quoted as below: 5.1 Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics 1. THOU SHALT NOT USE A COMPUTER TO HARM OTHER PEOPLE. 2. THOU SHALT NOT INTERFERE WITH OTHER PEOPLES COMPUTER WORK. 3. THOU SHALT NOT SNOOP AROUND IN OTHER PEOPLES COMPUTER FILES. 4. THOU SHALT NOT USE A COMPUTER TO STEAL. 5. THOU SHALT NOT USE A COMPUTER TO BEAR FALSE WITNESS. 6. THOU SHALT NOT COPY OR USE PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE FOR WHICH YOU HAVE NOT PAID. 7. THOU SHALT NOT USE OTHER PEOPLES COMPUTER RESOURCES WITHOUT AUTHORIZATION OR PROPER COMPENSATION. 8. THOU SHALT NOT APPROPRIATE OTHER PEOPLES INTELLECTUAL OUTPUT. 9. THOU SHALT THINK ABOUT THE SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE PROGRAM YOU ARE WRITING OR THE SYSTEM YOU ARE DESIGNING. 10. THOU SHALT ALWAYS USE A COMPUTER IN WAYS THAT INSURE CONSIDERATION AND RESPECT FOR YOUR FELLOW HUMANS. (Herold, 2006) 6. CONCLUSION Most of the crimes are happening due to underlying vulnerabilities in the system which remains undetected due to ignorance. All the computer relevant evils cannot be sanitized. By applying hot fixes and patches these security concerns could be covered .Privacy can be recalled by adhering by not sharing passwords with friends .A sophisticated intrusion prevention system in place will hinder many intruders and safeguards the system and network. A frequent auditing in the IT infrastructure and review can help in planning and implementing security systems. According to me the best thing is to be in touch with computer professionals and joining their communities and having an eye on the blogs can help us to get rid of the computer. Individuals are the basic building blocks of the society. So the decision making factor should start from the soul of each and every computer user. A focus on the information system failure and research on them could lime light on the computer ethics. Computer ethics need to be a part of the curriculum for students as they get exposure to information world and might get misleaded without guidance. If the communities are doing good it will for sure make a good impact in the progress of a good nation and in turn a good world. To attain this we should respect others privacy, the use of any software should not harm anyone else and end-users should be willing to pay closed source applications and contribute for sharewares .If we come across any discrepancies use our internal sense to relish need to keep the legal people informed about the issue. Employees should adhere to the organizations policies. Honesty and Integrity can strive to ethics. (Tom Forester, 2001) (Stamatellos)